Women upskilling or reskilling to an ICT career: a systematic review of drivers and barriers

Abstract

Demand for technology focused STEM professionals will increase globally over the coming decade, with many countries finding it difficult to meet growing demand. Compounding this are difficulties in attracting and retaining female technology-focused professionals. Research seeking to address this gender imbalance and workforce shortage focuses on increasing participation among school leavers. However, there is a paucity of research examining the potential for females to upskill or reskill into an ICT career, a process that may involve career and broader life transitions. As a starting point, this review asks the question: “What potential drivers and barriers have been identified that impact on female intentions or choices to reskill or upskill to a technology focused STEM career”.  Results indicate dissatisfaction in a first career, combined with positive computing experiences in the workplace can rouse interest in computing professions. Learning of job opportunities, especially from salient referents, is also a key driver. Results indicate women must overcome negative identity and academic beliefs, as well as self-doubt to make the switch.  In summary, it is possible to increase and diversify the technology workforce by leveraging women’s latent interest in computing. This review provides a roadmap for research to support educational institutions, employers, and women to benefit from upskilling or reskilling opportunities.